Page:Japan by the Japanese (1904).djvu/553

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POLICE AND PRISONS
513

The subjects of training of the minor prison officials are as follows:

  1. Prison regulations, and rules pertaining to the operation of prison regulations.
  2. Rules for the performance of distinctive functions of warders and prison employés.
  3. General outline of the Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure.
  4. General outline of the disciplinary regulations of civil service.
  5. General outline of all laws and regulations relating to prisons and prisoners.
  6. General guide to the exercise of care and discipline of prisoners.
  7. General guide to the treatment of prisoners.
  8. General guide to the transaction of business in connection with prison labour.
  9. General guide to the sanitary condition of prisons, and the treatment of criminal patients.
  10. General guide to the manner of entering data in the several registers, and the preparation of reports.
  11. Some remarks on bodily posture, manners, dress, and other formal matters.
  12. Practical drill, such as military exercises, use of disciplinary instruments, fire-drill, bamboo fencing, jujitsu—an art peculiar to the Japanese of throwing and capturing others by dexterity; the method of registering and reporting inquiries concerning the physical condition of prisoners, objects found on their persons, physiognomical expression.

The population of the prisons varies considerably from year to year, but since 1899 the general tendency has been towards a decrease. The numerical relation between prisoners and the general population in Japan is maintained at the ratio of 3½ to 1,000. On the one hand, the number of felons and misdemeanants is annually decreasing, while, on the other hand, contraveners are gradually increasing in number.[1]

Pardon is proposed by the Public Procurator of the Court which delivered judgment, or by the prison governor, to the

  1. ↑ This is shown by the tables given in Appendix M. These deal with the following subjects:

    Sentences of newly-imprisoned convicts for offences of a serious nature for seventeen retrospective years from 1900 to 1884 inclusive.

    Annual population of prisons at the end of each year for twenty retrospective years from 1901 to 1882 inclusive.

    Classification of felons, misdemeanants, and contraveners amongst the annual number of newly-imprisoned convicts for thirteen retrospective years from 1900 to 1888 inclusive.

    Nature of serious offences of newly-imprisoned convicts for thirteen retrospective years from 1900 to 1888 inclusive.

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