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the number of teachers must be increased at the rate of one and a half per class.

In 1902 the number of secondary schools was 292, of which 34 were established by private individuals, the others being established and supported by prefectures. The number of pupils was 102,304; of graduates, 9,416; and of teachers, 4,233, of whom 1,832 were not licensed. The public expenditure for secondary schools during that year amounted to £492,140.

The object of the girls’ high school is to provide instruction in such higher subjects of general education as are necessary for girls of the middle classes.

The course of study generally extends over four years, and occasionally five. In addition to the regular course, a supplementary course not exceeding two years may be provided.

The subjects of study are morals, the Japanese language, a foreign language (English or French), history, geography, mathematics, sciences, music, gymnastics, to which pedagogics and manual arts may be added as optional subjects. Besides, for the benefit of those desiring to study such arts as are necessary to females, a special course for arts, extending over not less than two and not more than four years, may be established. A higher course covering two or three years may also be instituted for the benefit of those graduates who are desirous of pursuing some branches of study.

The regulations concerning establishment, qualification of the candidates for admission, text-books, teachers’ salaries, the number of pupils in one school or one class, the number of teachers, etc., do not differ from those of secondary schools.

In 1902 the number of girls’ high schools was 70, of which 8 were founded by private individuals, the pupils numbering 17,540, graduates 3,631, and teachers 988, of whom 420 were not licensed. The public expenditure of girls’ high schools in the same year amounted to £131,493.

The normal schools are of two kinds—namely, ordinary normal and higher normal. Ordinary normal schools are designed to train teachers for primary schools; the higher normal schools, to prepare teachers for secondary schools, girls’ high schools, and ordinary normal schools.

Each prefecture must establish at its own expense at least one ordinary normal school, which may be divided into male and female departments. In some prefectures the two departments are established as independent institutions.

The course of study extends over four years for males and three years for females. The subjects of study for males are morals, pedagogics, Japanese, Chinese, history, geography, mathematics, physics and chemistry, natural history, drawing,