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and metal balconies, and glass pineapples; the baby village has grown up to cityhood, and the city is fast extending itself towards its northern and eastern faubourgs, the "Luz" and the "Braz."

The people have changed even more. The long hose, the trunk-breeches, the slashed doublets, and the flapped felt hats of two hundred years ago are now gone—clean gone. The men affect Bismarck hats and pantalons collants; whilst the fair sex ap pears in the shape-improvers, the chignons, and the pink and white pigments proper to this our section of the seventeenth century.

The celebrated Martim Affonso de Souza, after wards the hero of Portuguese India, first visited this charming site in 1532. Guided by the friendly Red Man, he scaled the formidable granite heights known as the "Serra do Mar," the Eastern Ghats of Middle Brazil, and following the course of the streams which turned inland towards the far west, he reached the now famous plains of Piratininga, and the wigwams in habited by his ally, the Cacique Tyberiçá.

Presently Martini Affonso, created Donatory of a grant which, with a hundred leagues of maritime irontage, extended to an unknown depth in the in terior, built the fortified village of São Vicente at the mouth of a stream, or rather a lagoon channel, which enters the Bay of Santos. It was peopled by natives and laborious settlers, many of them scions of illus trious families; and all were entitled to boast that they had founded the first Portuguese colony in the Brazil.

São Vicente, however, soon gave precedence to Santos, which, originally a Misericordia,—a hospital organised like that of Lisbon,—became a port on the northern or sheltered side of the island, separated from terra firma by a river-like sea-arm. Thus it was less exposed to the fury of the Atlantic, which had swept away old São Vicente, and to the attacks