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HISTORY OF EARLY IRAN

third king[1] claimed suzerainty over the Guti and over Padan and Alman, which should be the Holwan region. Shalmaneser III of Assyria, almost a thousand years after their entry, found in Namri, a territory of the Lullubi, a ruler Ianzu, whose name is merely the Kassite word for "king."[2] In the hill country to the east and northeast of Babylonia the name of the Kassites lingered on into classical times among the Kissean and Kossean tribes.[3] However, it is necessary to point out that this evidence is largely negative, for there was a land Kashshen to the north of Elam already in the twenty-fourth century b.c., at a time when it is highly improbable that the true Kassites had yet arrived.[4] This implies that they took their name from a country long before occupied, and one which may have retained its original designation long after new and newer peoples became assimilated. Perhaps it witnessed the amalgamation of the various elements—Indo-European, Caucasian, and other—which composed the historical Kassites; perhaps that syncretism had already taken place in another and more distant land.

Too often we speak of invasion and attack, or the rapid entrance or intrusion of newcomers into a land already populated. This seldom happens. New peo-

  1. ↑ Agum-kakrime; see reference to his inscription below, p. 94.
  2. ↑ Cf. Delitzsch, op. cit., pp. 29–38, and see below, p. 143.
  3. ↑ See the excellent article by Weissbach on the "Kossaioi" in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie.
  4. ↑ See the Puzur-Inshushinak inscription above, p. 37.
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