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And, e; before vowels ed is used, though not by all writers. For “both —— and ——” „ä —— ä ——“ is used.

As, like in the same manner as, äs; as, in the capacity of, as. The verb is generally omitted in the latter case. As, since, for the reason that, bi.

Before, as a preposition, has been explained. Before, as a conjunction, is büfo; look before you leap; before as in adverb of time, büfumo; you said that before.

That, as a pronoun, et, etos. That, as a conjunction, has two meanings expressed by dat and das. Dat means, in order that, for the purpose that. Das merely introduces a subordinate sentence as a member of a principal one, as, I said that he would come. The subordinate sentence “he would come” introduced by that, is the object; that shows it to be subordinate.

Though, conjunction, or although, do. Though, adverb, nevertheless, deno.

Also, i, or id before vowels.

Nor, ni. “Neither —— nor ——,” „ni —— ni ——.“

If, provided, if. If, whether, va.

Even if, ifi.

Until, till, conjunction, jüs; as preposition, jü al, jü in, etc.

After, conjunction, na; preposition, pos; adverb, poso.

Or, u, or ud before vowels. “Either —— or ——,” „uf —— ud ——.“

When, conjunction, ven, kü, kelüp; when? kiüp? kitim? when, whereupon, e täno.

Where, conjunction, kö, kelöp; where? kiöp? kiplad?

Yet, referring to time, nog; yet, nevertheless, yed.

There, when unemphatic, is frequently untranslatable, as in the phrases, there is, there are. There is, there are, have quite a different meaning, there being taken in the sense yonder.