Page:EB1911 - Volume 18.djvu/540

	d.	Orthosilicates,	R″2SiO4.
		Nepheline	K2Na6Al8Si9O34	H5
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Sodalite	Na4(AlCl)A12(Si)4)34	C
		[Lazurite]	Na4(NaS3.Al)Al2(SiO4)3	C
		(Lapis-lazuli)
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	[Grossularite]	Ca3Al2(SiO4)3	C
		(Cinnamon-stone)
		Pyrope	Mg3Al2(SiO4)3	C
		Almandine	Fe3Al2(SiO4)3	C
		[Andradite]	Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3	C
		(Demantoid)
		Olivine	(Mg, Fe)2SiO4	O
		(Chrysolite, Peridot)
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Phenacite	Be2SiO4	R4
		Willemite	Zn2SiO4	R4
		Dioptase	H2CuSiO4	R4

			${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	mCa4Al4Si4O25	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}}$
		Scapolite		nNa4A13Si3)24		T3

		Vesuvianite	H2Ca5(Al, Fe)3Si3O18	T
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Zircon	ZrSiO4	T
		(Hyacinth, jacinth, jargoon)
		Thorite	ThSiO4	T
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Danburite	CaB2(SiO4)2	O
		Topaz	[Al(F, OH)]2SiO4	O
		Andalusite	Al2SiO5	O
		Sillimanite	Al2SiO5	O
		Cyanite	Al2SiO5	A
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Datolite	HCaBSiO5	M
		Euclase	HBeAlSiO5	M
		Zoisite	Ca2(AlOH)Al2(SiO4)3	O
		Epidote	Ca2(AlOH) (Al, Fe)2(SiO4)3	M
		Axinite	HCa3BAl2(SiO4)4	A
		Prehnite	H2Ca2Al2(SiO4)3	O2
	e.	Subsilicates.
		Humite	Mg5[Mg(F, OH)]2(SiO4)3	O
		Hemimorphite	H2Zn2SiO5	O2
		Tourmaline	(H2, Na2, Mg)3(Al, Fe)6(BOH)4
		(Rubellite)	Si8O38	R2
		Staurolite	HFeAl5Si2O13	O
	B.	Hydrous Silicates
		Apophyllite	H7KCa4(SiO3)8+4⁠1/2⁠HV2}}O.	T

Zeolite Group.	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$		Heulandite	H4CaAl2(SiO3)6 +3H2O	M
		${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Phillipsite	(K2, Ca)Al2(SiO3)4+4H2O	M
			Harmotome	H2(K2, Ba)Al2(SiO3)5+5H2O	M
			Stilbite	CaAl2(SiO3)6+6H2O	M
			Chabazite	(Ca, Na2)Al2(SiO4)2+4H2O,&c	R
			Analcite	NaAl(SiO3)2+H20	C
		${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Natrolite	Na2Al2Si3O10+2H2O	O
			Scolecite	CaAl2Si3O10+3H2O	M3

Mica Group.	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Muscovite	H2KAl3(SiO4)3	M
		Lepidolite	KLi[Al(OH, F)2]Al(SiO3)3	M
		Biotite	(H, K)2(Mg, Fe)2Al2(SiO4)3, &c.	M
		Phlogopite	[H, K, (MgF)]3Mg3Al(SiO4)3	M

		Clintonite	H2(Fe, Mg)Al2SiO7, &c.	M
		Chlorite	H8(Mg, Fe)5Al2Si3O18 &c.	M
		Serpentine	H4Mg3Si2O9	M
		Talc	H2Mg3(SiO3)4	M
		Meerschaum	H4Mg2Si3010	Amorphous
		Kaolin	H4Al2Si2O9	M
		(Bole, Clay)
		Pyrophyllite	HAl(SiO3)2	M?
		Allophane	Al2SiO5+5H2O	Amorphous
		Chrysocolla	CuSiO3+2H2O	Amorphous„
	C.	Titano-silicates, Titanates
		Sphene	CaTiSiO5	M
		Perofskite	CaTiO3	Pseudo-C
	3.	Niobates, TANTALATES.
		Columbite	(Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6	O
	4.	PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, &c.
	A.	Anhydrous Phosphates, &c.
		Monazite	(Ce, La, Di)PO4	M
		Beryllonite	NaBePO4	O
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Apatite	[Ca(F, Cl)]Ca4(PO4)3	H2
		(Phosphorite)
		Pyromorphite	(PbCi)Pb4(PO4)3	H2
		Mimetite	(PbCl)Pb4(AsO4)3	H2
		Vanadinite	(PbCl)Pb4(VO4)3	H2
		Amblygonite	Li(AlF)PO4	A
	B.	Basic Phosphates, &c.
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Olivenite	Cu2(OH)AsO4	O
		Descloizite	(Pb, Zn)2(OH)VO4	O
		Clinoclasite	Cu3(OH)3AsO4	M
	C.	Hydrous Phosphates, &c.
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Vivianite	Fe3(PO4)2+8H2O	M
		Erythrite	Co3(AsO4)2+8H2O	M
		Annabergite	Ni3(AsO4)2+8H2O	M
		Wavellite	Al3(OH)3(PO4)2+4⁠1/2⁠H2O	O
		Turquoise	[Al(OH)2, Cu(OH), H]3PO4	Amorph.
		Pharmacosiderite	Fe3(OH)3AsO4+5H2O	C2
		Childrenite	(Fe, Mn)Al(OH)2PO4+H2O	O
		Liroconite	Cu3Al4(OH)15(ASO4)5+2OH2O	M
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Torbernite	Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2+ 12H2O	T
		Autunite	Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2+12H2O	O
	5.	BORATES.
		Boracite	Mg7Cl2B16O30	Pseudo-C2
		Colemanite	Ca2B6O11+5H2O	M
		Borax	Na2B4O7+10H2O	M
	6.	Nitrates
		Nitre	KNO3	O
	7.	Sulphates and Chromates
	A.	Anhydrous Sulphates, &c.
	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Barytes	BaSO4	O
		Celestite	SrSO4	O
		Anglesite	PbSO4	O
		Anhydrite	CaSO4	O
		Crocoite	PbCrO4	M
	B.	Basic Sulphates
		Brochantite	Cu4(OH)6SO4
	C.	Hydrous Sulphates
		Gypsum	CaSO4+2H2O
		Alunite	KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6	R
		Jarosite	KFe3(SO4)	R
	D.	Sulphates with Chlorides	Carbonates, &c.
		Connellite	Cu15(Cl,OH)4SO16+15H2O	H
		Leadhillite	Pb4SO4(CO3)2(OH)2	O
	8.	Tungstates, Molybdates
		Wolframite	(Fe,Mn)WO4	M
${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}}$	Scheelite	CaWO4	T3
	Wulfenite	PbMoO4	T4

1. Simple Hydrocarbons. Hatchettine, Ozocerite..

2. Oxygenated Hydrocarbons. Amber, Retinite, Copaline, Bathvillite, Dopplerite.

3. Appendix to Hydrocarbons. Petroleum, Asphaltum, Bitumen, Elaterite, Albertite, Coal, Anthracite, Jet, Lignite

References.—Elementary introductions to the study of minerals are: E. S. Dana, Minerals and how to study them (New York, 1895); A. J. Moses and C. L Parsons, Elements of Mineralogy, Crystallography and Blowpipe Analysis from a Practical Standpoint (4th ed., New York, 1909); L. Fletcher, An Introduction to the Study of Minerals (British Museum Guide-book). A larger work on popular lines is: R. Brauns, The Mineral Kingdom, Eng. trans. by L. J. Spencer (Stuttgart, 1908, &c). Textbooks for students are: H. A. Miers, Mineralogy, an Introduction to the Scientific Study of Minerals (London, 1902); E. S. Dana, Textbook of Mineralogy 3rd ed., New York, 1898); and in German: C. F. Naumann, Elemente der Mineralogie (15th ed., by F. Zirkel, Leipzig, 1907); G. Tschermak, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie (6th ed., Vienna, 1905). The standard works of reference for descriptive mineralogy are: J. D. Dana, System of Mineralogy (6th ed., by E. S. Dana, New York, 1892); C. Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie (Leipzig, 1898, &c.), the latter gives full details respecting the localities of minerals; P. Groth, Chemische Krystallographie (Leipzig, 1906, &c).

For special branches of mineralogy reference may be made to the following works: R. Brauns, Chemische Mineralogie (Leipzig, 1896); H. Roseubusch, Mikroskopische Physiographie der Mineralien und Gesteine, Band I, Die petrographisch-wichtigen Mineralien, 4th ed., by H. Rosenbusch and E. A. Wülfing (Stuttgart, 1904-1905); J. P. Iddings, Rock Minerals (New York, 1906); P. Groth, Tabellarische Ubersicht der Mineralien (4th ed., Braunschweig, 1898); G. P. Merrill, The Non-metallic Minerals, their Occurrence and Uses (New York, 1904); G. J. Brush, Manual of Determinative Mineralogy (16th ed., by S. Pentield, New York, 1903); M. Bauer, Edelsteinkunde (2nd ed., Leipzig, 1909), and Eng. trans. Precious Stones, by L. J. Spencer (London, 1904).

The more important topographical works are: R. P. Greg and N. G. Lettsom, Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1858); J. H. Collins, Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon (Truro, 1871); M. F. Heddle, Mineralogy of Scotland (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1901); A. Lacroix, Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies (3 vols., Paris, 1893, &c.); O. Luedecke, Die Minerale des Harzes (Berlin, 1896); A. Frenzel, Mineralogisches Lexicon für das Königreich Sachsen (Leipzig, 1874); A. Kenngott, Die Minerale der Schweiz (Leipzig, 1866); V. von Zepharovich, Mineralogisches Lexicon für das Kaiserthum Österreich (3 vols., Vienna, 1859-1893); N. von Koksharov, Materalien zur Mineralogie Russlands (11 vols., St Petersburg, 1853-1882); T. Wada, Minerals of Japan (Tokyo, 1904); A. Liversidge, The Minerals of New South Wales, &c. (London, 1888); O. B. Böggild, Mineralogia Groenlandica (Copenhagen, 1905); A Catalogue of American [U.S.A. and Canada] Localities of Minerals is given in Dana's System of Mineralogy.

The following scientific journals are devoted to mineralogy: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, &c. (Stuttgart, since 1807); Tschermaks Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen (Vienna, since 1872); The Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society (London, since 1876); Zeitschrift für