| M. G. | Moses Gaster, Ph.D. (Leipzig).- Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England. Vice-President, Zionist Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine Literature, 1886 and 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President, Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of History of Rumanian Popular Literature; &c.
|  | Eminescu, Michail. |
| M. H. S. | Marion H. Spielmann, F.S.A.- Formerly Editor of the Magazine of Art. Member of Fine Art Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of History of “Punch”; British Portrait Painting to the Opening of the Nineteenth Century; Works of G. F. Watts, R.A.; British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day; Henriette Ronner; &c.
|  | Effigies (in part). |
| M. Ja. | Morris Jastrow, Ph.D. (Leipzig).- Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Author of Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians; &c.
|  | Ereshkigal. |
| M. O. B. C. | Maximilian Otto Bismarck Caspari, M.A.- Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek at Birmingham University, 1905–1908.
|  | Epaminondas. |
| M. N. T. | Marcus Niebuhr Tod, M.A.- Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. Joint Author of Catalogue of the Sparta Museum.
|  | Ephor. |
| M. P. | Mark Pattison.- See the biographical article: Pattison, Mark.
|  | Erasmus (in part). |
| N. M. | Norman McLean, M.A.- Lecturer in Aramaic, Cambridge University. Fellow and Hebrew Lecturer, Christ’s College, Cambridge. Joint Editor of the larger Cambridge Septuagint.
|  | Ephraem Syrus. |
| O. E.* | Oliver Elton, M.A.- Professor of English Literature at the University of Liverpool. Author of Modern Studies; The Augustan Ages; Michael Drayton; &c.
|  | English Literature (III., IV.). |
| O. J. R. H. | Osbert John Radcliffe Howarth, M.A.- Christ Church, Oxford. Geographical Scholar, 1901. Assistant Secretary of the British Association.
|  | England: Topography, Population and Industries (I., VI., VIII., IX.); English Channel (in part). |
| P. A. K. | Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin.- See the biographical article: Kropotkin, Prince P. A.
|  | Esthonia (in part). |
| P. La. | Philip Lake, M.A., F.G.S.- Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites. Translator and Editor of Kayser’s Comparative Geology.
|  | Europe: Geology. |
| P. M. T. C. | Mrs Craigie (“John Oliver Hobbes”).- See the biographical article: Craigie, P. M. T.
|  | Eliot, George. |
| P. S. A. | Percy Stafford Allen, M.A.- Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Editor of the Letters of Erasmus.
|  | Erasmus (in part). |
| R. Ad. | Robert Adamson, LL.D.- See the biographical article: Adamson, R.
|  | Erigena (in part). |
| R. A. S. M. | Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister, M.A., F.S.A.- Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund.
|  | Ekron; Eleutheropolis. |
| R. C. J. | Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb, D.C.L., LL.D.- See the biographical article: Jebb, Sir Richard C.
|  | Euripides. |
| R. H. C. | Rev. Robert Henry Charles, M.A., D.D., D.Litt.- Grinfield Lecturer, and Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Professor of Biblical Greek, Trinity College, Dublin. Author of Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life; Book of Jubilees; &c.
|  | Enoch, Book of; Esther: Additions to. |
| R. H. V. | Colonel Robert Hamilton Vetch, R.E., C.B.- Employed on defences of Bermuda, Bristol Channel, Plymouth Harbour and Malta, 1861–1876. Secretary of R.E. Institute, Chatham, 1877–1883. Commanded R.E. Submarine Mining Batt., 1884. Deputy Inspector-General of Fortifications, 1889–1894. Author of Gordon’s Campaign in China; Life of Lieutenant-General Sir Gerald Graham. Editor of the Professional Papers of the Corps of R.E.; also the R.E. Journal, 1877–1884.
|  | Egypt: Military Operations, 1885–1900. |
| R. J. M. | Ronald John McNeill, M.A.- Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formerly Editor of the St James’s Gazette, London.
|  | Emmet, Robert; Emmet, Thomas Addis. |
| R. L.* | Richard Lydekker, F.R.S., F.Z.S., F.G.S.- Formerly Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India. Author of Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum; The Deer of all Lands; &c.
|  | Eland; Elephant; Elk; Equidae. |
| R. N. | Richard Norton.- Formerly Director of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome, and Professor of History of Art and Archaeology, Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania.
|  | Etruria (in part). |
| R. N. B. | Robert Nisbet Bain (d. 1909).- Assistant Librarian, British Museum. Author of Scandinavia: the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513–1900; The First Romanovs, 1613 to 1723; Slavonic Europe: the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1706; &c.
|  | Elizabeth Petrovna; Eötvös, Baron; Eric XIV.; Esterházy of Galántha. |