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glionic bodies in the brain. In 1834–35 he wrote (with Gabriel Valentin) his famous essay on ciliary epithelial motion; described the “Purkyně fibers” of the cardiac muscle (1839) and of the uterus (1840). In 1837, two years before Schwann, he pointed out the probable identity of structure in animal and plant cells and he also antedated the latter by two years in his work on artificial digestion (1838). In 1823, long before Francis Galton, he pointed out the importance of fingerprints, giving accurate figurations of the same, and he also noted that deaf-mutes can hear through the bones of the skull. He was an important pioneer in the description of most of the subjective visual figures (1819–23), notably those obtained by galvanic stimulation, the recurrent images, the entoptic appearances from the shadows of the retinal vessels, the dependence of brightness of color upon intensity of light, the choroidal figure, the rosettes of light produced by the use of digitalis, and the peculiar radiations following the instillation of belladonna. Purkyně was also the first to employ the terms “enchyma” for the basic substance of glands, “cambium” for the same thing in plants, and “protoplasm” for the ground substance of tissues. Altogether a physiologist of extraordinary range and keenness of perception, he was further distinguished as a pharmacologist, his experiments on the action of camphor, opium, belladonna, stramonium, and turpentine having been made upon himself (1829).

This contest is conducted by the American National Alliance of Czechoslovaks in connection with the 10th Anniversary of Czechoslovak Independence and the unveiling of the Woodrow Wilson monument at Prague, July 4th, 1928.

The direct and sole purpose of this contest is to bring to the young people of the United States a closer knowledge of the ideals and principles of Woodrow Wilson; the ideals which, in his written and spoken words, he sought to express to the people of his own country and the world.

The total number of words of any essay must not exceed two thousand (2,000). This condition must be strictly observed. The article must be typewritten, and written only on one side of the paper. No essay must be sent rolled up.

All essays must be received at the office of the American National Alliance of Czechoslovaks, in Chicago, Ill., on or before April 15, 1928. No articles received after that date will be eligible.

All essays should be carefully addressed to