Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/98
Grouchy (1833), of Generals Dumouriez (2), Marbot, and Vandamme, of Camille Desmoulins, Versailles Museum; Charles X., Aix Museum; Marshal Grouchy, Amiens Museum; Marshal Duc de Reggio, Nancy Museum.—Bellier, ii. 425.
ROUSSEAU, PHILIPPE, born in Paris,
Feb. 22, 1816. Animal
and landscape
painter, pupil of Gros
and of Bertin. Especially
distinguished
for his pictures of
still-life in humorous
relation to animals.
Medals: 3d class,
1845; 1st class, 1848;
2d class, 1855; 1st class, 1878; L. of Honour,
1852; Officer, 1870. Works: Views
in Normandy, etc. (1833-39); Post-Chaise
(1841); City Rat and Field Rat (1845); Cat
and Old Rat (1846); Mole and Rabbit,
Flowers and Butterflies (1847); Farm-Yard
(1848), Chartres Museum; Interior of Farm-House,
Cat and Mouse (1849); Divided in
Two (1850); Importunate (1850), Luxembourg
Museum; Mother of a Family (1853);
Kid browsing Flowers, Storks taking a Siesta,
Two Punch and Judy Artists (1855);
Rabbit hunted by Fox-Terriers, Resignation,
Recreation, Farm-House in Savoy
(1857); Gala Day (1859); Luncheon (1859),
Valenciennes Museum; Household Music,
Kitchen (1861); Rabbit and Frogs, Search
for the Absolute (1863), Nantes Museum;
Market in Olden Time (1864), Caen Museum;
Every Man for Himself (1865); He
makes his own Music, Autumn Flowers
(1866); Chardin and his Models (1867);
Rat retired from the World, Residence of
Sir Walter Scott (1868); Summer, Autumn
(1869); Fountain adorned with Flowers,
First Plums and Last Cherries (1870);
Springtime (1872); Mass (1873); Corpus
Christi Day, Salad (1874); Cheeses, Wolf
and Lamb (1875); Oysters, Poppies (1876);
The Breakfast, Oh my Bagpipe! (1877);
Tulips (1879); The Courtyard (1880); Future
Stewed Rabbit (1881); Two Friends,
Cheeses (1882); Victuals, Asparagus (1883);
Chrysanthemums (1884); Rat retired from
the World (1885), Luxembourg Museum;
Esmeralda's Window, C. H. Wolff, Philadelphia;
Peaches, Mrs. Wilstach, ib.—Bellier,
ii. 430; Larousse; Claretie, Peintres
(1874), 196; Meyer, Gesch., 714.
ROUSSEAU, (PIERRE ÉTIENNE)
THÉODORE, born in
Paris, April 15, 1812,
died at Barbizon, near
Fontainebleau, Dec.
22, 1867. Landscape
painter, pupil of Rémond
(1826) and of
Lethière. Showed
himself a true "naturalist"
in his first
picture (1826) and up
to 1848—when his works, after being for
thirteen years excluded from the Salon by
the academical jury then abolished, were readmitted—fought
the battle of naturalism
with varying success. With Corot, Daubigny,
Dupré, and Diaz, he founded the modern
French school of landscape painting, of
which he is one of the chief glories. Few
if any have surpassed him in the rendering
of atmospheric effects, in the ability to diffuse
light and air throughout a landscape,
and in the power of communicating to others
the deep feelings excited by nature in
a highly sensitive organization like his own.
The Forest of Fontainebleau, where he spent
many years of his life, supplied him with an
inexhaustible mine of subjects, which he
rendered with rare felicity. Always in more
or less needy circumstances, he was at the
last annoyed by an intrigue about the Officer's
Cross of the Legion of Honour, and
finally died of a broken heart. Medals: 3d
class, 1834; 1st class, 1849, 1855; medal
of honour, 1867; L. of Honour, 1852.
Works: Signal Station on Montmartre
(1826); Mountain View in Auvergne, Edge
of the Woods in Compiègne, Herd of Cattle
in the Jura Mountains (1835); An