Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/492
suffering great privations was brought into notice by his decoration of the Palazzo Mattei. Became a popular painter, and was buried near Raphael in the Pantheon. Among his best works are frescos of the Passion of Christ, in S. Consolazione, and a series representing the Glories of the Farnese Family, in the villa built by Cardinal Farnese at Caprasola.—Vasari, ed. Le Mon., xii. 104; Ch. Blanc, École ombrienne; Burckhardt, 186; Siret, 1030.
ZÜGEL, HEINRICH, born at Murrhard,
Würtemberg, Oct. 22,
1850. Animal painter,
pupil of Stuttgart Art
School; studied in 1873
in Vienna, and settled
in Munich. Works:
Sheep in Alder Grove
(1875), National Gallery,
Berlin; Sheep-Shearing;
Sheep-Washing;
Span of Oxen
(1875); Herd fleeing from Storm; Ploughing
Oxen; Nobody at Home; Runaway
Bull; Sheep and Lambs, Knoedler & Co.,
New York.—Müller, 575; Illustr. Zeitg.
(1880), i. 129; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xiii. 128.
ZÜND, ROBERT, born at Lucerne,
Switzerland, in 1827. Landscape painter; excels
in representing the poetry of the woods,
and, by a silvery tone, imparts a peculiar
charm to his landscapes, which are generally
supplied with biblical figures. Lives at
Lucerne. Works: The Harvest, Prodigal
Son tending Swine, View near Lucerne, On
Lake of Lucerne, Basle Museum; Autumn
in the Woods (figures by Rudolf Koller),
Berne Museum; Near the Battle Chapel of
Sempach, Oakwood, Zürich Gallery.
ZURBARAN, FRANCISCO (DE), born at
Fuente de Cantos, Estremadura, Nov. 7,
1598, died in Madrid in 1662. Spanish
school; son of simple labourers; pupil of
Juan de las Roelas, afterwards imitated style
of Caravaggio, whence called the Spanish
Caravaggio. In 1625 he painted a series of
scenes from the life of St. Peter for the
Chapel of S. Pedro, Cathedral of Seville, and
about the same time his Glory of St. Thomas
Aquinas, his
best work, now
in the Seville
Museum. In
1633 he signed
himself painter
to the king—an
honour which he
shared with Velasquez.
He
painted in 1650 the Labours of Hercules, in
ten pictures, for the palace of Buen Retiro,
now in the Madrid Museum. Zurbaran
painted several large compositions, but preferred
simple ones requiring but few figures,
and generally religious subjects, especially
those displaying the rigours and austerities
of monastic life. He is the painter of
monks, as Raphael is of Madonnas. Other
works: Miracle of St. Hugo, St. Bruno
before Urban II., Madonna de las Cuevas,
Two Dominicans, Seville Museum; Sleep of
Jesus, Vision of S. Pedro Nolasco, Apparition
of St. Peter to S. Pedro Nolasco,
St. Casilda, Madrid Museum; Annunciation,
Adoration of Shepherds, Adoration of Magi,
Circumcision, Montpensier Gallery, Seville;
SS. Peter Nolasco and Raymond de Pegnafort,
Funeral of a Bishop, St. Apollina, Louvre;
Franciscan Monk, National Gallery,
London; Holy Family, Suermondt Museum,
Aix-la-Chapelle; Christ after the Scourging,
St. Bonaventura, Museum, Berlin; Madonna
adored by Monks, Raczynski Gallery,
ib.; St. Cœlestine declining the Papal
Crown, Dresden Museum; St. Francis of
Assisi in Ecstasy, Old Pinakothek, Munich.—Stirling,
ii. 767; Viardot, 75; Ch. Blanc,