Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/326
Nordstemmen; Reception of Henry the Lion by Sultan of Iconium.
TURA, COSIMO (Cosmé or Gosmé), born
in Ferrara between
1420 and 1430, died
between 1494 and
1498. Lombard
school. Passed the
greater part of his life
in the service of the
Duke of Ferrara, who
made him his court
painter in 1458. Vasari
calls him the pupil
of Galasso, who worked with him at the
ducal seat of Belriguado, where Tura decorated
a chapel in 1471. Previously he had
furnished patterns for tapestry, and worked
in the ducal studio (1457). His works of
1456 and 1468 have disappeared, but the
doors of the organ (1469), representing
the Annunciation, and St. George and the
Dragon, now hang in the choir of the
Duomo, Ferrara. Other works by Tura are
SS. Jerome and Girolamo, Costabili Collection,
Ferrara; Pietà, Correr Museum, Venice;
Entombment, Madonna Enthroned, St.
Jerome, The Virgin in Prayer, National
Gallery, London; and a Madonna with
Saints, Berlin Museum, which exhibits all
the marked peculiarities of his style, such
as extreme length of limb, violent contrasts
of colour, sharp and angular drapery folds,
and eccentric ornament. Tura recalls Mantegna
and Piero della Francesca in his use
of perspective, his treatment of architecture,
and his extravagance of gesture, but he
has neither the refined elegance and passion
of the first nor the delicate quaintness of
the second. He was an accomplished, vigorous,
and painstaking artist, but he had a
taste for ugliness which displays itself in
forms and features.—Vasari, ed. Le Mon.,
iii. 42; ed. Mil., ii. 143; C. & C., N. Italy,
i. 516; Cittadella, Ricordi, etc., Vita di
Cosimo di Tura (Ferrara, 1869).
TURCHI, ALESSANDRO, born in Verona
in 1582, died in Rome in 1650. Venetian
school. Commonly called L'Orbetto, because
when a child he had served as guide
to a blind man; or,
as some say, because
he was blind
of one eye. Also
called Alessandro
Veronese. Pupil in
Verona of Brusasorci
the younger,
afterwards in Venice
of Carletto
Cagliari. Later he
visited Rome, where by studying the great
masters he formed a mixed style, combining
Roman design with Venetian colouring. Often
compared by his contemporaries to Annibale
Carracci, but inferior to him. Most
of his pictures are small; some painted on
marble and highly finished, equal care being
bestowed on all the figures. Works: Death
of Cleopatra, Deluge, Samson and Delilah,
Woman taken in Adultery, and Marriage of
St. Catherine, Louvre; Nativity, Simeon in
the Temple, Venus finding Adonis Dead,
do. with Body of Adonis in her Lap, Judgment
of Paris, four others, Dresden Gallery;
Death of Portia, Leipsic Museum;
Forty Martyrs, S. Stefano, Venice; Dead
Christ, La Misericordia, Venice; Madonna
della Neve, Magdalen Reclining, Brera,
Milan; Madonna and St. Joseph, S. Lorenzo
in Lucina, Rome; Magdalen, Salome,
Madrid Museum; Christ bearing the Cross,
Bacchus and Ariadne, Hermitage, St. Petersburg;
Samson and Delilah, Saturn,
Mars, Venus, and Cupid, Stuttgart Museum;
Christ in Purgatory, Entombment,
Adoration of the Shepherds, Descent from
the Cross, Vienna Museum.—Ch. Blanc,
École vénitienne; Bernasconi, Studii, 363.
TURNER, CHARLES YARDLEY, born
in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 25, 1850. Figure
painter, pupil of National Academy and Art
Students' League, New York; later studied
under Laurens, Munkácsy, and Bonnat in
Paris. First exhibited at National Academy
in 1882; elected an A.N.A. in 1884. Studio