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named him Spagnoletto (little Spaniard). A cardinal took pity upon him, clothed him, and attached him to his household, but Spagnoletto soon ran away, declaring that he needed the spur of poverty to make him a good artist. After studying under Caravaggio he went to Parma, where the grace of Correggio temporarily influenced him; but he soon returned to the style of Caravaggio, which he even exaggerated. Having settled in Naples, where he married the daughter of a rich picture-dealer, he was appointed court painter by the Spanish viceroy, his fellow-countryman, and soon found himself possessed of wealth and honours which enabled him to live like a grandee and entertain nobles and princes in his palace. Notwithstanding his supreme position he was jealous of the advancement of others, and became chief of the infamous cabal of Naples to make war, even to the knife, on painters of rival schools employed in Naples. By the aid of his tools (Correnzio and Caracciolo), Annibale Carracci, Cavaliere d' Arpino, Guido, Gessi, and Domenichino were successively driven away, while Domenichino's death was probably hastened by poison. Ribera was made a member of the Academy of St. Luke in 1630, and was knighted by Innocent X. in 1644. Bermudez repudiates the story that he disappeared from Naples on account of the seduction of his daughter, Maria Blanca, who was also a good painter, by Don John of Austria. Among his numerous works are: Madonna, Beggar, Louvre, Paris; Dead Christ, Shepherd with a Lamb, National Gallery, London; Diogenes with the Lantern (1637), St. Mary of Egypt (1641), Deliverance of Peter (1642), Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, do. of St. Lawrence, Jacob tending Laban's Sheep, seven others, Dresden Museum; Susanna and the Elders, Städel Gallery, Frankfort; his Portrait, St. Jerome, Uffizi, Florence; Mathematician, Philosopher, Palazzo Brignole, Genoa; Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, Palazzo Spinola, ib.; Martyrdom of St. Sebastian, St. Jerome, Silenus and Satyrs, Naples Museum; Communion of the Apostles, and Descent from the Cross, S. Martine, Naples; Twelve Apostles, Parma Museum; St. Jerome, Quirinal, Rome; St. Jerome, Academy of St. Luke, ib.; St. Stanislas with Infant Jesus, Palazzo Borghese, ib.; St. Jerome, St. Bartholomew, Palazzo Colonna, ib.; Death of Adonis, St. Jerome, Palazzo Corsini, ib.; Hercules and Antæus, Turin Gallery; Martyrdom of St. Sebastian, two St. Jeromes, and St. Procopius, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; St. Bartholomew, Jacob's Dream, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, St. Francis, Hermit at Prayer, Conception, and fifty others, Madrid Museum; Joseph in Prison, Escorial.—Cean Bermudez, iv. 184; Lanzi, ii. 32; Ch. Blanc, École espagnole; Burckhardt, 767, 774; Gaz. des B. Arts (1882), xxv. 40.

SPAGNUOLO. See Spagna.

Spalatro, Washington Allston, H. R. Bishop, New York.

SPALATRO, or Vision of the Bloody Hand, Washington Allston, H. R. Bishop,