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er, pupil at The Hague of Schelfhout and

J. A. Kruseman; visited Germany, Italy, and France in 1841-46, and returned to The Hague. Copied most successfully The Young Bull by Potter, in The Hague Museum. Works: Lion Hunt; Bull Hunt in India, Leipsic Museum; Storm at Sea.—Cotta's Kunstbl. (1840), 328; (1845), 72; D. Kunstbl. (1850), 373; Immerzeel, iii. 1.

RADL, ANTON, born in Vienna, April 16, 1774, died in Frankfort, March 4, 1852. Landscape painter, pupil of Vienna Academy, then in Brussels (1790) of Kormer; settled in Frankfort in 1794. Works: Woods in Sunshine, Entrance to Forest (1807), Four Views in the Taunus (1815, 1817, 1823, 1825), Darmstadt Gallery; View in Lorsbach Valley, Wood Landscape, Städel Gallery, Frankfort; Views in the Taunus, Black Forest, and on the Danube.—N. Necrol. der D. (1852), 141; Wurzbach, xxiv. 202.

RAEBURN, Sir HENRY, born at Stockbridge, near Edinburgh, March 4, 1756, died near there, July 8, 1823. Apprenticed to a goldsmith in Edinburgh; tried miniature painting and then portrait painting, copying the works of David Martin. A fortunate marriage enabled him to visit (1778) London and Italy, on his return from which, in 1780, he set up as a portrait painter in Edinburgh. He soon won high rank in his art, was elected in 1812 president of the Society of Artists in Scotland, and in 1813 an A.R.A., and in 1815 R.A. On the visit of George IV. to Edinburgh in 1822 he was knighted, and the next year he was appointed his majesty's limner for Scotland. Nine of his portraits are in the National Gallery, Edinburgh, and four in the National Portrait Gallery, South Kensington, viz.: F. Homer, Rev. I. Home, Sir I. Sinclair, H. Mackenzie; Portrait of Sir Walter Scott (1808), Duke of Buccleuch; do. of Helen Stirling, Earl of Dunmore.—Cunningham; Redgrave; Ch. Blanc, École anglaise; F. de Conches, 401; Sandby, i. 359; Portfolio (1879), 200.

RAFFAELLINO. See Bottalla.

RAFFAELLINO DEL GARBO. See Garbo.

RAFFAELLO or RAFFAELLINO DAL COLLE, born in Colle about 1500, died at Borgo San Sepolcro, Nov. 17, 1566. Roman school; said to have been a pupil of Raphael's, but was rather the disciple of Giulio Romano, whom he assisted in his principal works in Rome and in the Palazzo del Tè, Mantua. Among his own works are: Resurrection, Almighty with Angels, Cathedral, Borgo San Sepolcro; Assumption, Minori Asservanti, ib.; Assumption, S. Francesco, and Madonna and Saints, S. Michele Archangelo, Città di Castello.—Ch. Blanc, École ombrienne; Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 163.

RAFFALT, IGNAZ, born at Weisskirchen, Styria, in 1800, died at Haimbach, near Vienna, July 7, 1857. Genre and landscape painter, pupil of Vienna Academy. Works: Mill at Obersteier; Foggy Landscape; Mill in the Woods; Convent Soup (1846); Fisherman's Hut (1848); River Landscape with Castle (1852); Golden Wedding at Murau; Postilions returning Home, Evening Landscape (1849), Vienna Museum. His son Johann Gualbert (born at Murau, Styria, in 1836, died in Rome in 1865) was a talented genre painter, pupil of Vienna Academy and of Pettenkofen. Works: Landscape with Horse-Pond, Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Market in Hungary (1862); Gypsy Camp (1863); Wall on the Puszta; Hungarian Vehicle (1864); Cattle Fair in Hungary.—Wurzbach, xxiv. 216, 220.

RAFFORT, ÉTIENNE, born at Châlon-sur-Saône, May 11, 1802. Landscape and history painter, pupil of Castillet. Visited Italy (1829-32), and the East in 1842. Medals: 3d class, 1837; 2d class, 1840; 1st class, 1843. Works: View of Palermo, Partanico, Genoa (1831); Seat of Government in Algiers (1833); St. Malo, Mountain Road in Burgundy, View of Auxerre (1834); View of Naples (1835), Châlon-sur-Saône Museum; Nantes, Babazoun in Algiers, Powder Magazine at St. Malo (1835);