Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/399

and where the second Term is thus wanting, it is a Sign that the Quantities under contrary Signs were thus equal.

The Co-efficient of the third Term is the Aggregate of all the Rectangles arising by the Multiplication of every two of the Roots, how many ways soever those Combinations of Two's can be had; as three times in a Cubic, fix in a Biquadratic Equation, &c.

The Co-efficient of the fourth Term, is the Aggregate of all the Solids, made by the continual Multiplication of three of the Roots, how often soever such a Ternary can be had; as there may be four in a Biquadratic, five in an Equation of five Dimenfions, &c. And thus it will go on infinitely.

COELESTIAL Observations, are Observations of the Phænomena of the Heavenly Bodies, made with a proper Apparatus of Astronomical Instruments, in order to the determining their Places, Motions, Phases, &c. See ОBSERVATION.

The Instruments chiefly used in Cælestial Observations, are the Astronomical Gnomon, Quadrant, Micrometer, and Telescope; each of which see under its proper Head, QUADRANT, MICROMETER, TELESCOPE, GNOMON, &c.

Observations in the Day-time are easy; in regard the cross Hairs in the Focus of the Object-Glass of the Telescope are then distinctly perceivable in the Night, those cross Hairs are to be illumined to make them visible.

This Illumination is either perform'd by a Candle, placed obliquely near 'em, so as the Smoke don't intercept the Rays; or where this is inconvenient, by making an Aperture in the Tube of the Telescope, near the Focus of the Object-Glass, thro' which a Candle is apply'd to illumine the cross Hairs.

M. de la Hire has made an Improvement on the first Method, which renders it of very good use; and it is by covering that end of the Tube next the Object-Glass with a piece of Gause, or fine white silken Crape. For in such case, a Link, placed at a good distance from the Tube, so enlightens the Gause, as to render the cross Hairs very perceivable.

Observations of the Sun, are not to be made without placing a Glass, smoked in the Flame of a Lamp or Candle, between the Telescope and the Eye; to take off from its Lustre, which would otherwise confound and damage the Eye, were not a good part of its Beams intercepted.

Note, When any of the Heavenly Bodies are observ'd thro' a Telescope of only two Glasses, they appear inverted.

Cælestial Observations are chiefly of two Kinds; the one when the Objects are in the Meridian. See MERIDIAN Observations.

The other, when in Vertical Circles. See Vertical CIRCLES.

COELIAC Artery, the first Artery, detach'd from the descending Trunk of the Aorta into the Abdomen. See AORTA, ARTERY, &c.

It divides into two Branches, the one on the right fide, the other on the left; of which the first gives the Gastrica dextra, which goes to the Stomach; the Cistica, which goes to the Gall-Bladder; the Epiplois dextra to the Omentum the Intestinalis to the Duodenum, and to a part of the Fejunum; and the Gastro Epiplois to the Stomach, to the Omentum, and some Branches to the Liver, which enter the Capsula Communis, to accompany the Branches of the Vena Porta.

The left Branch of the Cœliaca gives the Gastrica dextra, which is also spread upon the Stomach; the Epiplois siniftra to the Omentum; and the Splenica to the Substance of the Spleen. See each Branch deacrib'd in its Place.

COELIAC Vein, is that which runs thro' the Intestinum Rectum. See RECTUM.

COELIACA, or COELIAC Passion, or Affection, is a fort of Diarrhea, or Flux of the Belly; wherein the Chyle, or nutritious of the Food is evacuated by Stool, instead of part Excrements. See FLUX, and DIARRHEA.

Authors frequently confound the Cœliaca with the Lientery, but they are different. See LIENTERY.

There is also a COELIAC Diabetes, call'd Cœliaca Urinalis, wherein the Chyle passes off along with, or inswtead of Urine. See DIABETES.

COELUM. See HEAVEN.

COELUM is us'd by some Anatomists for the Cavity of the Eye toward the Angles, or Canthi. See EYE, CANTHUS, &c.

COENOBITE. See CENOBITE

COENOTAPHIUM, or rather CENOTAPHIUM, in Antiquity, an empty Tomb, or Monument erected in honour of some illustrious Defunct; who perishing by Shipwrack, in Battel, or the like, his Body could not be found, to be interr'd or deposited in the same. See TOMB, and SEPULCHER.

Cardinal Noris has several express Dissertations on the C{{subst:o}}enotaphia of the Cæaars Caius and Lucius, which still remain at Pisa. See FUNERAL.

The Word is Greek, compounded of κενὸς, empty, and τἀφος, Sepulcher.

COEQUALITY, a Term expreffing the Relation of E- quality between two things. See EQUALITY. hold the Son and Holy Spirit coequal with the Father. The The Retainers to S. Athanafius's Doctrine of the Trinity, Arians, &c. deny the Coequality. See ARIAN, &c. COETERNITY, is us'd among Divines, to denote the NITY. Eternity of one Being equal to that of another. See ETER- Trinity coeternal with the firft. See TRINITY. The Orthodox hold the fecond and third Perfons in the fhort Line of Partition in Pale, in the Centre of the Escutcheon, COEUR, in Heraldry. Party en COEUR, fignifies a which extends but a little way, much fhort of Top and Bot- Partition of the Efcutcheon. tom; being met by other Lines, which form an irregular CO-EXISTENCE, a Term of Relation, denoting two, EXISTENCE. or more Things, to exift together at the fame time, &c. See from Arabia felix; ufed for the making a Drink of the fame COFFEE, in Natural Hiftory, a Seed, or Berry, brought Name. heavier, and appearing riper and plumper than that from That from the Levant is moft efteem'd, being greener, Mocha; which is larger, lighter, and whiter. For Coffee-Berries, fome fubftitute Peas, Beans, Rye, and Flavour, but lefs agreeable, as well as in much lefs Barley; which roafted, yield an oily Matter, refembling in than Coffee. quantity ries; very familiar in Europe for thele 60 Years, and among COFFEE is also a Kind of Drink, prepared from thefe Ber- the Turks for above an hundred. of a Monaftery, who being inform'd by a Goatherd, that his Its Original is not well known; fome afcribe it to the Prior Cattel fometimes browzing on the Tree, would wake and ingly, he first try'd it on his Monks, to prevent their fleep- caper all Night; became curious to prove its Virtue: accord- ing at Matins. Others, from Schehabeddin, refer the Invention of Coffee to the Perfians from whom it was learnt in the XVth Century by Gemalledin, Mufti of Aden, a City near the Mouth of the Red Sea; and who having tried its Virtues prefs'd the Head, infpir'd Joy, open'd the Bowels, and pre- himfelf, and found that it diffipared the Fumes which op- vented Sleep, without being incommoded by it; recommend- Night in prayer. ed it firft to his Dervifes; with whom he us'd to ſpend the Profeffors of the Law, for Study, Artifans to work, Travellers Their Example brought Coffee into vogue at Aden: The Coffee. to walk in the Night; in fine, every body at Aden drank Hence it pafs'd to Mecca, where firft the Devotees, then the rest of the People took it. From Arabia felix it pafs'd to Cairo. But In 1511, Khaie Beg prohibited it, from a Perfuafion that it inebriated, and that it inclin'd to Things forbidden. Coffee advanced from Egypt to Syria and Conftantinople. Sultan Caufou immediately after took off the Prohibition, and declares that Coal is not of the number of Things created by The Dervifes declaim'd againit it from the Alcoran, which God for Food. Accordingly, the Mufti order'd the Coffee- to be Coal, they were open'd again. Houfes to be fhut; but his Succeffor, declaring Coffee not gers making too free with State-Affairs, the Grand Vizier During the War in Candia, the Affemblies of Newfmon- which Suppreflion, tho ftill on foot, does not yet prevent the Cuproli fupprefs'd the Coffee Houfes at Conftantinople publick Üle of the Liquor there. 5 France ; and a Greek Servant, called Pasqua, brought into Thevenot, the Traveller, was the firft who brought it into England by Mr. Dan.Edwards, a Turky Merchant, in 1652, to make his Coffee, firſt ſet up the Profeffion of Coffee-Man, and introduc'd the Drink among us, Tho fome fay Dr.Har- vey had us'd it before. nounce it Cabueh, and the Arabs Cabouab; which fome Au- The Word Coffee is originally Arabic: the Turks pro- thors maintain to be a general Name for any thing that takes petite; and others, again, for any thing that gives Strength away the Appetite: others for any thing that promotes Ap- and Vigour. Cahouah; the firft is Wine, or any Liquor that inebriates; The Mahometans, 'tis obferv'd, diftinguifh three Kinds of the fecond is made of the Pods that contain the Coffee-Berry; this they call the Sultana's Coffee, from their having firſt in- troduc'd it, on account of its heating less than the Berry, as well as its keeping the Bowels open: the third is tbat made with the Berry it felf; which alone is us'd in Europe, the Pods being found improper for Tranfportation. Some Euro- peans who imported the Pods, call'd them the Flower of the Coffee Tree. The deep brown Colour of the Liquor, occafion'd its being firft call'd Syrup of the Indian Mulberry; under which fpe- cious Name it firſt gain'd ground in Europe. sff The