Page:Civil Air Regulations - Part 40 (1953).pdf/6

by the Administrator, which extends upward from an altitude of 700 feet above the surface. within which air traffic control is exercised. In the case of operations conducted in the airspace of a foreign country, control area shall mean the airspace designated by the appropriate authority of such country.

Control zone. Control zone is airspace having defined dimensions, designated by the Administrator. which extends upward from the surface, which includes one or more airports, and within which rules additional to these governing control areas apply for the protection of air traffic. In the case of control zones located in foreign countries, the control zone shall be designated by the appropriate authority of such country.

Crew member. A crew member is any individual assigned by an air carrier for the performance of duty on an airplane in flight.

Critical engine. The critical engine is that engine the failure of which gives the most adverse effect on the airplanes flight characteristics relative to the case under consideration.

Critical-engine-failure speed. V: transport calegory airplanes. The critical-engine-failure speed is the airplane speed used in the determination of the take-off distance required at which the critical engine is assumed to fail. (See the pertinent airworthiness requirements for the manner in which such speed is determined.)

Dispatch release. A dispatch is an authorization issued by an air carrier specifying the conditions for the origination or continuance of a particular flight.

Duty aloft. Duty aloft includes the entire period during which an individual is assigned as a member of an airplane crew during flight time.

Effective length of runway—(1) Take-off. The effective length of runway for take-off as used in the take-off operating limitations for nontransport category airplanes is the distance from the end of the runway at which the take-off is started to the point at which the obstruction clearance plane associated with the other end of the runway intersects the center line of the runway.

(2) Landing. The effective length of runway for landing as used in the landing operating limitations for both transport and nontransport category airplanes is the distance from the point at which the obstruction clearance plane associated with the approach end of the runway intersects the center line of the runway to the far end thereof.

En route En route shall mean the entire flight from the point of origination to the point of termination, including intermediate stops.

Extended overwater operation. An extended overwater operation shall be considered an operation over water conducted at a distance in excess of 50 miles from the nearest shore line.

Fireproof. Fireproof material means a material which will withstand heat equally well or better than steel in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which it is to be used. When applied to material and parts used to confine fires in designated fire zones, fire-proof means that the material or part will perform this function under the most severe conditions of fire and duration likely to occur in such zones.

Fire-resistant. When applied to sheet or structural members, fire-resistant mterial means a material which will withstand heat equally well or better than aluminum alloy in dimensions appropriate for the purpose for which it is to be used. When applied to fluid—carrying lines, this term refers to a line and fitting assembly which will perform its intended protective functions under the heat and other conditions likely to occur at the particular location.

Flame-resistant. Flame-resistant material means a material which will not support combustion to the point of propagating, beyond safe limits, a flame after the removal of the ignition source.

Flammable. Flammable fluids or gases mean those which will ignite readily or explode.

Flash-resistant. Flash-resistant material means material which will not burn violently when ignited.

Flight crew member. A flight crew member is a crew member assigned to duty on an airplane as a pilot or flight engineer.

Flight engineer. A flight engineer is an individual holding a valid flight engineer certificate issued by the Administrator and whose primary assigned duty during flight is to insist the pilots in the mechanical operation of an airplane.

Flight time. Flight time is the time from the moment the airplane first moves under its own power for the purpose of flight until it comes to rest at the hee: point of landing (block-to-block) time.

High-altitude operation. High-altitude operation is flight conducted at or above 12,500 feet above sea level east of longitude 100° W. and at or above 14,500 feet above sea level west of longitude 100° W.

IFR.' IFR is the symbol used to designate instrument flight rules.

Interstate air transportation. Interstate air transportation is the carriage by airplane of persons or property as a common carrier for compensation or hire or the carriage of mail by airplane, in commerce between a place in any State of the United States, or the District of Columbia, and a place in any other State of the United States. or the District of Columbia: or between places in the same State of the United States, or the District of Columbia: whether such commerce moves wholly by airplane or partly by airplane and partly by other forms or transportation.

Maximum certificated take-off weight. Maximum certificated take-on weight is the maximum take-off weight authorized by the terms of the airplane airworthiness certificate^[1]

Minimum control speed. The minimum control speed is the minimum speed at which an airplane can be safely controlled in flight after an engine suddenly becomes inoperative. (See pertinent airworthiness requirements for the manner in which such speed is determined)

Month. Month shall mean that period of time extending from the first day of any month as delineated by the calendar through the last day thereof.

Night. Night is the time between the ending of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight as published in the American Air Almanac converted to local time for the locality concerned.^[2]

Obstruction clearance area—(1) Take-Off. A take-on obstruction clearance area as used in the take-off operating limitations for nontransport category airplanes is an area on the earth's surface defined as follows: The center line of the obstruction clearance area in plan view shall coincide with and prolong the center line of the runway, beginning at the point where the obstruction clearance plane intersects the center line of the runway and proceeding to a point not less than 1,500 feet from the beginning point. Thereafter the center line shall proceed in a path consistent with the take-off procedure for the runway or, where such a procedure has not been established, consistent with turns of at least 4,000-foot radius until a point is reached beyond which the obstruction clearance plane clears all obstructions. The obstruction clearance area shall extend laterally for a distance of 200 feet on each side of the center line at, the point where the obstruction clearance plane intersects the runway and shall continue at this width until the end of the runway: thence it shall increase uniformly to 500 feet on each side of the center line at a point 1,500 feet from the intersection of the obstruction clearance plane with the runway: thereafter it shall extend laterally for a distance of 500 feet on each side of the center line.

(2) Landing. A landing obstruction clearance area as used in the landing operating limitations for both transport and nontransport category airplanes is an area on the earth's surface defined as follows: The center line of the obstruction clearance area in plan View shall coincide with and prolong the center line of the runway, beginning at the point where the obstruction clearance plane intersects the center line of the runway and proceeding to a point not less than 1,500 feet from the beginning point. Thereafter the center line shall proceed in a path consistent with the instrument approach procedure for the runway or, where such a procedure has not been established, consistent with turns of at least 4.000-foot radius until

a point is reached beyond which the obstruction clearance plane clears all obstructions. The obstruction clearance