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which were lacking among the Aivilik Eskimos, and which we meet among the remains of the Sadlermiut, may also be mentioned the whaling harpoon head (Boas 1907, fig. 264), baleen bow, bird harpoon, bola, fishing net and trap of baleen, knives and lances with blades in the sides, mattocks, double tent (compare the oval tent rings at Naujan), combs with narrow grip, the winged needle case, the stone graves. In addition there are a number of negative features, types which are used by the Aiviliks, which are not known from the old Thule culture nor from the later Sadlermiut; this applies to the seal indicator, hole searcher, rest for ice-hunting harpoon, toggles for dog traces, screw wound plugs, dippers of musk ox horn and buttons for the women's carrying strap. On a number of other points the Sadlermiut contrasted with the Aiviliks — to a great extent elements that are not known from the Thule culture as they will not appear from an excavation; however, the absence of these elements among the Aiviliks and the presence of them among the Sadlermiut indicate that they also belong to the Thule culture; this is for instance true of the inability of the Sadlermiut to build good snow houses, their unskilful attention to the lamps, their poor treatment of skins, their dress with bearskin trousers, and no tail, or only a very small one, on the frock, as well as the enormous boots of the women, their slender whips, the peculiar trout fishing in dams, the absence of fringe on the dress, ignorance of caribou hunting from kayaks and of fist-fighting and, finally — not least — the lack of any differentiation between marine and land animals in their taboo rules. Taking everything into consideration we are thus confronted with the picture of an Eskimo tribe which, from the point of view of culture, was sharply contrasted with the other Central Eskimo tribes, a contrast which was also expressed in another manner — in the Sadlermiut's great reticence and distrust of the Aiviliks and other strange Eskimos.

Thus even if the elements of the Thule culture are the foundation of the Sadlermiut culture, the latter has by no means remained at the stage which we find represented in the old finds from Naujan and Qilalukan. There has been a strong development, in which a large number of new forms have displaced older ones, a development which we were able to follow step by step in the Kuk find. Of these new forms some seem to be the outcome of the general development of culture which has been going on in the surrounding regions; this is true of such forms as the flat harpoon heads, foreshafts and moveable lance heads with short taps in the rear end, the cap-shaped socket piece for harpoon shaft, the swivel for the harpoon line, the arrow heads cut obliquely at the shaft end, bow of antler and ulos