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contact with Europeans. It may seem surprising that there are no baleen objects in the find, as the contemporary finds from Naujan and Ponds Inlet are extraordinarily rich in these. It must, however, be observed that all the specimens in the Kuk find were found very close to the surface; deep cultural deposits were not met with anywhere and it is only where these exist that there will be any possibility of baleen objects being preserved. At Kuk none of the specimens were found deeper than 30–35 cm, just that stratum which can thaw every summer and in which decay will therefore quickly destroy all baleen. But that whaling has been carried on at Kuk on a large scale is sure enough; in the house walls in the upper group there were at least 13 whale skulls, and whalebone has been employed at least just as much for implements here as at Naujan, especially in the older ruins; in addition, the plate of ivory with the drawing of a whale being hunted from a kayak shows that whaling was carried on. Thus the absence of baleen in the find means no culture difference from Naujan and Qilalukan. That the fishing implements occupy a rather prominent place in the find is only natural here at the mouth of a river abounding with salmon. The Kuk find consequently exhibits the culture which we know from Naujan, transplanted and adapted to conditions at Southampton Island, and a locally influenced, further development of it.

At other places in Duke of York Bay than at Kuk there are also house ruins and Eskimo remains from the time of the Sadlermiut. I myself have seen a house ruin on the east bank of Cleveland River, the great river which empties itself into the head of Duke of York Bay, about 9 kilometres from the mouth; the height above sea level is difficult to distinguish in this flat land, but is apparently 10 to 15 m. It was very flattened out, round, about 4 m in diameter, with the doorway facing SSE.; by its side is a newly built qarmaq, which is said to be built upon the site of an older house ruin; no whale skulls were seen in its walls. There were also several tent rings and salmon caches, both here and on the west side of the river; it was also said that there is one of the Sadlermiut salmon dams here (built then at the mouth of the river); it could not be seen, however, when I visited the spot at the beginning of November.

According to the Eskimos there are other house ruins at C. Deas Thompson, on the south point of White Island, and at Isertigardjuk a little to the south of C. Welsford on the east side of the bay. At Isertigardjuk, an Eskimo woman said that she had in a house found