Page:Archæology of the Central Eskimos.djvu/336

bodkin of bird bone, ulo with baleen grip, "winged" needle case, scraper cup, boot with two pairs of loops for the boot lace, snow beater of baleen, baleen net, sealing stool.

Besides the house ruins at Qilalukan and Mitimatalik there are, in northern Baffin Land (Cockburn Land), numerous house ruins of the same type; some of them I have had an opportunity of viewing myself but have not had time to make a more thorough examination; other information is due to Eskimos or reports of former expeditions. Wherever I came I enquired of the Eskimos as to the existence of such house ruins; this difficulty was, however, met with: that the Eskimos there do not draw any sharp line between ruins of winter houses and qarmat — autumn houses — as they do further south. In Repulse Bay and Iglulik the house ruins are called iglorssuit, “big houses", whereas qarmat, which means "wall", is only used of autumn houses; in Baffin Land, however, the word qarmat seems to be used for both. On account of this ambiguity it is not impossible that some of the localities for winter house ruins which I mention in the follow- ing may only have old autumn houses. The various localities named will be seen on Map 2.

Iterdleq is the mouth of a stream on the south-east side of Bylot Island, about midway between Button Point and Cape Graham Moore. On the moraine terrace down which the stream has cut its way there are, south of the stream, the remains of a large, modern settlement; a trading and whaling station lay here for some years and in 1919 was removed at Button Point. Down in the bottom of the valley, just to the north of the stream, about 4 metres above sea level, are 9 house ruins; three of them have been rebuilt as qarmat (this was when the trading station was built, say the Eskimos); the other six do not seem to be quite so old as those at Qilalukan and Mitimatalik; they are not so flattened out and overgrown. But that they are fairly old is shown by various objects which I found on making one or two small sample excavations in the wall and just outside of two of the rebuilt houses in June 1923: a fragment of a flat harpoon head with open shaft socket; a whalebone harpoon. shaft, 85 cm long, now rather curved, a scarf face at the rear end. cut off straight at the fore end, with two pairs of holes for lashing on the fore shaft; it is round, about 2 cm thick, an eye 27 cm from