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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................		3
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................		9

Preface To The First Edition ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................		11
What's New in This Edition ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................		15
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................		17
Conventions Used in this Book ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................		18

1.

INTRODUCTION

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

23

1.1.	The Indo-European Language Family ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	23
1.2.	Traditional Views ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	25
1.3.	The Theory of the Three Stages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	28
1.4.	The Proto-Indo European Urheimat or ‘Homeland’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	33
1.5.	Other Linguistic and Archaeological Theories ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	37
1.6.	Relationship to Other Languages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	38
1.7.	Indo-European Dialects of Europe ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	41

1.7.1.	Northern Indo-European Dialects ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	43
1.7.2.	Southern Indo-European Dialects ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	43
1.7.3.	Other Indo-European Dialects of Europe ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	72
1.7.4.	Anatolian Languages ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	82

1.8.

‘Europaiom’ or ‘Sindhueuropaiom’

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

85

2.

LETTERS AND SOUNDS

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

89

2.1.

The Alphabets of Modern Indo-European

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

89

A.	Vowels and Vocalic Allophones ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	89
B.	Consonants and Consonantal Sounds ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	90

2.2.	Classification of Sounds ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	92
2.3.	Sounds of the Letters ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	93
2.4.	Syllables ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	96
2.5.	Quantity ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	97
2.6.	Accent ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	98
2.7.	Vowel Change ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	98
2.8.	Consonant Change ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	100
2.9.	Peculiarities of Orthography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	103
2.10.	Kindred Forms ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................	106

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