Microbe Hunters/Index

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INDEX

  • Académie Française, 168
  • Academy of Medicine, 146, 147, 155, 157
  • Academy of Sciences, French, 25, 37, 67, 69, 73, 86, 149, 156, 157
  • Agramonte, A., 314
  • Alexander, servant of Th. Smith, 237, 239, 244
  • Alexander, the Great, 10
  • Alt, K., 354
  • Anthrax, 108–122; Koch proves microbe cause of, 115
  • Antitoxin, diphtheria, 198–206; first produced in America by Park, 201; first tried on child, 201; Roux announces cure by, 204, 205
  • Aquinas, St. Thomas, 341
  • Aristotle, 7, 27
  • Arrhenius, Svante, 56
  • Arsenic, changed by Ehrlich into magic bullet, 349–355
  • Atoxyl, Ehrlich’s experiments with, 347–349
  • Balard, Prof., 80, 81, 82, 83, 101
  • Baptist, John the, 91
  • Bassi, Laura, 28
  • Bastianelli, Dr., 304–305
  • Baumgarten, J., 220
  • Bayer, 205; new magic bullet, 357, 358
  • Beer, diseases of, 97, 908
  • Beethoven, 55, 175, 222, 236, 250
  • Behring E., 184–206; attempts chemical cure of diphtheria, 195; discovers diphtheria antitoxin, 198–200; other references, 220, 234, 338, 340
  • Bernard, Claude, 73, 101
  • Bertheim, A., 349, 354, 355
  • Bignami, 304–305
  • Bigo, M., 64, 69
  • Biot, the horse doctor, conversion of, by Pasteur, 163
  • Bloxam, Rosa, 281
  • Bonnet, Charles, 33, 47, 51
  • Bordet, J., 226–227
  • Bourrel, the horse doctor, 170
  • Boyle, Robert, 8, 19
  • Bruce, David, 252–277; discovers microbe Malta fever, 254; discovers trypanosome of nagana, 257; discovers trypanosome of sleeping sickness, 264–266; other references to, 235, 278, 346, 357; proof tsetse fly carries nagana, 259–262; proves tsetse fly carries sleeping sickness, 267–270; surgeon at siege of Ladysmith, 262
  • Bruce, Lady, 252–277
  • Buffon, Count, 36, 42
  • Bux, Mahomed, 292, 293
  • Carroll, J., 311–333; bitten by yellow fever mosquito, 318; death of, 332
  • Carter, H. R., 316
  • Castellani, A., 264, 265
  • Chaillou, M., 203
  • Chamberland, M., work with Pasteur on anthrax and rabies, 147–182, 221
  • Chappuis, Charles, 60
  • Charles II, of England, 8
  • Child-bed Fever, Pasteur discovers cause of, 146
  • Cholera, Asiatic, 140–143; Metchnikoff feeds microbes of, to self and assistants, 225
  • Cholera, of chickens, vaccine discovered for, 152–156
  • Claus, Prof., coins term “phagocyte” for Metchnikoff, 214
  • Cohn, F., 120, 122, 123
  • Cohnheim, J., 121, 122, 123, 128, 129
  • Cooke, Dr., 325, 328
  • Cromwell, 7
  • Darwin, 200, 233
  • Davaine, Dr. C., 109
  • Dean, Wm., bitten by yellow fever mosquito, 319
  • De Blowitz, 160, 162, 164
  • De Graaf, Regnier, 8
  • De la Rochette, Baron, 158
  • De la Tour, Cagniard, experiments on alcoholic fermentation, 60, 61, 65
  • De Saussure, 51, 54 ​
  • Diphtheria, 184–206; antitoxin discovered by Behring, 198–206; microbe of, discovered, 185–187; new method of prevention, 206; toxin discovered by Roux, 189–193
  • Dostoevski, F., 207
  • Duclaux, E., 88, 89, 90, 94
  • Dumas, A., 87
  • Dumas, J. B., 60, 69, 73, 91, 92, 95, 156
  • Duns Scotus, 341
  • Edison, T. A., 287
  • Ehrenberg, 59
  • Ehrlich, Paul, 334–358; announces cure human syphilis by salvarsan, 355; attempts to find law of immunity, 339; changes arsenic into magic bullet, 349–355; cures syphilis of rabbits, 353; discovers chemical cure for mal de caderas, 343–345; discovers salvarsan (606), 350–356; experiments with atoxyl, 347–349; invents stain for tubercle microbe, 336; other references to, 121, 194; side chain theory of immunity, 340; worries over deaths from salvarsan, 356–357
  • Ellis, 52, 53, 54
  • Evolution, theory of organic, 78; championed by Metchnikoff, 209
  • Faraday, Michael, 56, 64
  • Fehleisen, F., discovers microbe of erysipelas, 139
  • Fermentation, 60; alcoholic, 60, 61, 71, 72, 73, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103; lactic, 64, 65, 66, 67
  • Finlay, Carlos, 312, 313, 315, 316, 324
  • Fischer, Emil, 56
  • Flaubert, E., 228
  • Folk, L., 325, 327, 328
  • Force, vegetative, 37 et seq.
  • Fraatz, Emmy, 105
  • Frederick, the Great, 45
  • Frémy, M., 99, 100, 101
  • Gaffky, G., 129, 131, 132, 138, 141
  • Galileo, 4, 26, 27, 63, 163
  • Gamaléia, Dr., 217, 219, 224
  • Garrè, Dr., injects self with dangerous microbes, 139
  • Germ theory, battle of, 124
  • Gernez, M., 94, 95
  • Gibbons, Staff-Sergeant, 264
  • Goethe, W., 198, 222
  • Gorgas, W. C., 329, 330
  • Grancher, Dr., 179
  • Grassi, B., 298–310; other references to, 235, 278, 279, 288, 315, 328; practical demonstration malaria prevention, 307; proves anopheles mosquito carries human malaria, 301–306
  • Grew, Nehemiah, 16
  • Guérin, J., 155, 156, 157
  • Guitéras, J., death of yellow fever patients in experiments, 330, 331
  • Hanging drop, invention of, 113, 114
  • Harvey, William, 19
  • Hata, S., 352, 353
  • Hely-Hutchinson, Sir W., 255, 259, 262
  • Homer, 28, 55
  • Hoogvliet, 24
  • Hooke, Robert, 16
  • Immunity, 207–229; due to phagocytes, 212–229; Ehrlich attempts find law of, 339; side-chain theory of, 340
  • Inquisition, Grand, 27
  • Institut Pasteur, 181, 187, 217, 218, 222
  • Invisible College, The, 7, 27
  • Jenner, E., 155
  • Jernegan, W., 325, 327, 328
  • Joly, M., 85, 86
  • Joseph II, of Austria, 49
  • Joubert, Prof., 147
  • Kadereit, 342, 344, 347, 348, 349, 356
  • Kagwa, Apolo, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272
  • Khan, Husein, as experimental animal for Ross, 288, 289
  • Kilborne, F. L., 237–251
  • Kissenger, Private, 322, 324, 326; paralysis of, from yellow fever experiment, 333; volunteers for mosquito bite, 323
  • Kitasato, S., 194, 338
  • Koch, Mrs., 106, 107, 110, 111, 300
  • Koch, Robert, 105–144 dangerous experiments with tuberculosis, 136; discovers microbe of cholera, 140–143; experiments with anthrax, 108–128; failure to cure tuberculosis with vaccine, 193, 194, 299; first photographs microbes, 123; invention of hanging drop, 113, 114; other references to, 24, ​ 104, 145, 146, 147, 148, 166, 167, 168, 184, 185, 193, 194, 198, 200, 209, 211, 219, 234, 236, 237, 238, 250, 297, 299, 300, 304, 305, 314, 323, 335, 336, 338, 339; proves microbe cause of anthrax, 115; pure culture microbes discovered, 125, 126; works on cause of tuberculosis, 128–138
  • Laveran, A., discovers malaria parasite, 281; microbe of, demonstrated by Manson to Ross, 282; other references to, 296, 342, 343
  • Lavoisier, A., 77
  • Lazear, J., 311–333; bitten by yellow fever mosquito, 318; died of yellow fever, 320
  • Lazear, Mrs. J., 312
  • Leeuwenhoek, Antony, 3–24; an admirer of God, 12; discovers human sperm, 19; discovers microbes, 10, 11, 12; discovers microbes in mouth, 17, 18; experiments on origin of microbes, 13; failure to find disease microbes, 22; letters to Liebniz, 23; letters to Royal Society, 9; microbes in pepper water, 14; other references to, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 44, 51, 61, 76, 77, 106, 108, 109, 111, 114, 128, 137, 138, 209, 228, 250, 334, 358
  • Leibniz, Gottfried W., 23
  • Leucart, R., 209
  • Leupold, 349
  • Le Verrier, 83
  • Liebig, J., 70, 73
  • Linnæus, 59
  • Lister, J., 100, 106, 182
  • Loeffler, F., discovers diphtheria microbe, 185–187; foretells diphtheria toxin, 187; other references to, 129, 131, 132, 138, 188, 189, 193, 331
  • Louvrier, the horse doctor, 149–150
  • Lutchman, 287
  • Maillot, M., 94
  • Maisonneuve, Dr., 231
  • Malaria, 278–310; human, Grassi proves carried by anopheles mosquito, 301–306; Manson’s theory mosquito carries, 283; of birds carried by gray mosquito, 292–298; prevention of practical demonstration of, by Grassi, 307
  • Mal de caderas, 342–350; Ehrlich cures by chemical, 343–345
  • Malta Fever, Bruce discovers microbe of, 254 ff.
  • Manson, Patrick, 282–298, 315; announces Ross’s success at Edinburgh, 296, 297; other references to, 235; theory mosquitoes carry malaria, 283
  • Maria Theresa, 45
  • Marquardt, M., 348, 349, 356
  • Martin, M., 203
  • Meister, Joseph, vaccination of, for rabies, 17
  • Metchnikoff, E., 207–233; acquires drug habit, 210; assistants of, Blagovestchensky, Gheorgiewski, Hugenschmidt, Saltykoff, Sawtchenko, Wagner, 222, 223; attempts suicide, 210; attempts to prolong life, 228–233; champions theory of evolution, 209; comedy of Bulgarian bacilli, 232–233; feeds cholera to self and assistants, 225; founds phagocyte theory, 214–229; nicknamed “God-is-not,” 207; nicknamed “Mamma Metchnikoff,” 222; nicknamed “Grandpa Christmas,” 228; other references to, 187, 234; starts circus at Pasteur Institute, 219–220; syphilis, prevented by, 229–232
  • Metchnikoff, Ludmilla, 210, 211
  • Metchnikoff, Olga, 211, 212, 213, 214, 219, 220, 228, 233
  • Microbes, origin of, 13, 31; Bruce discovers Malta fever, 254; of diphtheria discovered by Loeffler, 185–187; of Texas fever discovered by Th. Smith, 244; of the air, 83, 84, 85, 86; of tuberculosis discovered by Koch, 128–138; pure culture discovered, 125, 126; spontaneous generation of, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 78, 79, 86, 97
  • Molyneux, 16
  • Moran, John, 322, 327, 328; volunteers for mosquito bite, 322, 323
  • Mosquito, gray carries bird malaria, 292–298; anopheles carries human malaria, 301–306; stegomyia carries yellow fever, 317–329
  • Mozart, W., 222, 280
  • Musset, M., 83, 86
  • Nabarro, 264
  • Nagana, 255–262; trypanosome of, discovered by Bruce, 257; tsetse fly carries, 259–262
  • Napoleon I, 55, 58 ​
  • Napoleon III, 86
  • Needham, John T., experiments on spontaneous generation of microbes, 31 et seq.
  • Newton, Isaac, 8, 19, 27, 36, 63, 64, 250, 280
  • Nocard, M., 177
  • Pasteur, Louis, 57–104, 145–183; alcoholic fermentation by yeast, 71, 72, 73, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103; as a chemist, 61; a violent patriot, 97; boyhood experience with mad wolf, 57, 170; death of, 181, 182; disasters with anthrax vaccine, 165, 166; discovers anthrax vaccine, 157–164; discovers vaccine for chicken cholera, 152–156; diseases of wines, 88, 89, 90; experiments on spontaneous generation, 78, 79; experiments with lactic fermentation, 64, 65, 66, 67; experiments with microbes of the air, 83, 84, 85, 86; inspirational letters to sisters, 59, 60; last speech of, 182, 183; other references to, 23, 24, 50, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 116, 121, 122, 123, 128, 132, 138, 139, 140, 141, 184, 187, 188, 193, 203, 211, 216, 218, 221, 228, 230, 234, 238, 250, 279, 312, 335, 340; press agent for microbes, 63, 73, 77, 87. 90; quarrel with Bernard, 101, 102, 103; quarrels with Koch, 167, 168 rabies vaccine discovered by, 169–181; religious philosophy of, 79; saves Russian peasants from rabies, 180, 181; work on diseases of beer, 97; work on diseases of silkworms, 91–97
  • Pasteurization, 90
  • Pasteur, Madame, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 72, 103, 151, 177, 182
  • Park, W. H., 201, 206
  • Peronçito, Dr., 152
  • Peter, the Great, 19
  • Pettenkofer, Max, swallows Koch’s cholera culture, 133, 134
  • Phagocytes, discovered by Metchnikoff, 214–229; immunity due to, 212–220
  • Pidoux, Dr., theory of consumption, 108
  • Pompadour, Madame de, 27
  • Pouchet, M., 85, 86
  • Pouilly-le-Fort, famous experiment of, 159–164
  • Prolongation of life, attempted by Metchnikoff, 228–233
  • Prometheus, 163
  • Purboona, 292
  • Putrefaction, caused by microbes, 61
  • Rabelais, 166
  • Rabies, 169–181
  • Rayer, M., 109
  • Réaumur, René, 25
  • Redi, Francesco, 30, 35
  • Reed, W., 311–333; death of, 333; disproves infected clothing theory, 324, 325, 326; fails to find microbe of yellow fever, 314, 315; other references to, 235; proves stegomyia mosquito carries yellow fever, 317–329
  • Renan, E., praises and admonishes Pasteur, 168, 169
  • Ross, Ronald, 278–208; attempts proof Manson's mosquito theory, 285–291, 297, 298; discovers gray mosquito carries bird malaria, 292–298; discovers malaria pigment in mosquito stomach, 289; meets Patrick Manson, 282; other references to, 309, 3I5
  • Rossignol, Dr., 158
  • Roux, E., 184–206; announces cures by antitoxin at Budapest, 204, 205; discovers diphtheria toxin, 189–193; other references to, 69, 147–182, 217, 221, 229, 230, 231, 234; syphilis prevented by, 229–232
  • Royal Society, 8, 25, 31, 32, 37; as audience for Leeuwenhoek, 9, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24; confirm Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microbes, 16; elect Leeuwenhoek Fellow, 16
  • Russian peasants, saved by Pasteur, 180–181
  • Ruth, Babe, 237
  • Rutherford, Ernest, 56
  • Salmon, D. E., 237, 238, 242
  • Salvarsan (606), discovered by Ehrlich, 350–356; deaths from, 356–357; Ehrlich cures human syphilis with, 355; Ehrlich cures syphilis of rabbits with, 353
  • Sand, George, 87
  • Schaudinn, F., discovers Spirocheta pallida, 351
  • Schwann, Th., experiments on putrefaction by microbes, 61, 76 ​
  • Semmelweis, I., 145
  • Servetus, 4, 27
  • Shiga, I., 343, 344, 345
  • Silkworms, diseases of, 91–97
  • Sleeping sickness, 263–277; Bruce proves tsetse fly carries, 267–270; trypanosome of, discovered, 264–266
  • Smiles, Dr., 96
  • Smith, Th., 236–251; discovers microbe of Texas fever, 244; first experiments with Texas fever, 240; other references to, 252, 255, 259, 270, 278, 299, 315; proves ticks carry Texas fever, 246
  • Socrates, 166
  • Sola, Mr., experimental animal for Grassi, 303, 304, 328
  • Spallanzani, Lazzaro, 25–56; accused of theft from museum, 49, 50, 51; bladder of, preserved, 55; experiments cruelly on self, 41; experiments on multiplication of microbes, 53, 54; experiments on spontaneous generation of microbes, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44; other references to, 24, 57, 61, 76, 77, 78, 79, 123, 128, 298; proves microbes may live without air, 47; studies on sex, 41
  • Spanish immigrants, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 323, 324, 326, 332
  • Speyer, F., 347
  • Speyer, G., 347
  • Spirocheta pallida, discovered by Schaudinn, 351
  • Spontaneous generation, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 78, 79, 86, 97
  • Syphilis, 229–232; human, cure of, by salvarsan, 355; of rabbits cured by Ehrlich’s salvarsan, 353; prevention of, by Roux and Metchnikoff, 229–232
  • Taute, injects self with nagana, 276
  • Texas fever, 238–251; Th. Smith discovers microbe of, 244
  • Thuillier, L., killed in experiments with cholera, 141; other references to, 161, 164, 165, 173
  • Tick, of Texas fever, 239–251; Smith proves carries Texas fever, 246
  • Toxin, of diphtheria, 187–206; discovered by Roux, 189–193; foretold by Loeffler, 187
  • Trécul, M., 99
  • Trypan red, discovered by Ehrlich, 345; fails to cure nagana and sleeping sickness, 346
  • Trypanosome, of nagana, 257–262; of mal de caderas, 342–352; of sleeping sickness discovered by Bruce, 264–266
  • Tsetse fly, carries nagana, 259–262; Bruce proves, carries sleeping sickness, 267–270
  • Tuberculosis, 128–138; Koch’s dangerous experiments with, 136; Koch discovers microbe of, 128–138; Koch’s failure to cure with vaccine, 193, 194, 290
  • Tulloch, killed by sleeping sickness, 272
  • Tyndall, John, disproof of spontaneous generation of microbes, 86
  • Vaccines, anthrax, 157–164; chicken cholera, 152–156; famous Pouilly-le-Fort experiment with, 159–164; Koch’s failure with tuberculosis vaccine, 193, 194, 299; rabies, 169–181; smallpox, 155
  • Vallisnieri, 26
  • Vercel, J., 179
  • Villemin, J. A., 128
  • Virchow, R., 127, 137, 214
  • Volta, Canon, 49, 50, 51
  • Voltaire, 27, 41, 50
  • Vulpian, Dr., 179
  • Wahab, Abdul, 286
  • Waldeyer, W., 336
  • Wassermann, Reaction, principle discovered by Bordet, 226
  • Wines, diseases of, 83, 89, 90
  • Wood, Gen. Leonard, 313, 321
  • Yellow fever, 311–333; disproof of infected clothing theory, 324–326; failure of Reed to find microbe of, 314, 315; Reed proves stegomyia mosquito carries, 317–329
  • Yersin, A., 188–192
  • Zanzarone, popular name for anopheles, 302–308
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