Essay on Catholicism, Liberalism, and Socialism

ESSAY

ON

CATHOLICISM

LIBERALISM AND SOCIALISM

CONSIDERED IN THEIR FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES.

BY

DON JUAN DONOSO CORTÈS

MARQUIS OF VALDEGAMAS.

FROM THE ORIGINAL SPANISH.

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED

A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORKS OF THE AUTHOR

FROM THE ITALIAN OF G. E. DE CASTRO.

TRANSLATED BY

MADELEINE VINTON GODDARD.

PHILADELPHIA:

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.

1862

Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1862, by M. V. GODDARD,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia.

BEATISSIMO PADRE,

Piaccia alla santità sua di accettare i miei travagli in tradurre cotesto libro; come un pegno sicuro di filiale affetto, e venerazione molto profonda.

Della sua figlia in Cristo,

MADDALENA VINTON GODDARD.

HOLY FATHER,

Deign to accept the labors of this translation, as an expression of filial affection and most profound veneration, from

Your child in Christ,

MADELEINE VINTON GODDARD.

(iii)

ALLA SANTITÀ DI N. S. PIO IX.

Beatissimo Padre.

Nella speranza di potere avanzare gli interessi della nostra Santa religione, col diffondere i sentimenti religiosi di uomini illustri, ho credato dovere tradurre in lingua nostra vernacolare, le opere di Donoso Cortès, le quali furono altravolta tradotte in lingua Francese con approvazione di V. Santità. Degnisi pero di accettare questo pegno di filiale affetto, e di darle la sua santa benedizione. Prostrata ai piedi della Santità Vostra li bacio reverentemente.

Di V. Santità

Divotissima figlia

Maddalena Vinton Goddard.

Washington, 16 Febbraio, 1862.

Testor ego Card. Præfectus S. Congnis de propaganda fide superiorem benedictionem signatam fuisse manu SSmi. D. N. Pii Divinia Providentia PP. IX.

Al. Card. Barnabo.

NOTICE.

The dogmatical portion of this work has been examined by one of the most eminent theologians of Paris, belonging to the glorious school of the Benedictines of Solesmes. In the final revision of this work, the author has conformed to all his suggestions.

CONTENTS.

Sketch of the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		9
BOOK I.
Chapter I.—How every great political question always involves a great theological question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		17
Chapter II.—Of society as regulated by Catholic theology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		31
Chapter III.—Society as regulated by the Catholic Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		41
Chapter IV.—Catholicism is Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		58
Chapter V.—That our Lord Jesus Christ has not triumphed over the world by the sanctity of his doctrines, or by prophecies and miracles, but in spite of all these things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		63
Chapter VI.—That our Lord Jesus Christ has triumphed over the world exclusively by supernatural means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		69
Chapter VII.—That the Catholic Church has triumphed over society, notwithstanding the same obstacles, and by the same supernatural means which rendered our Lord Jesus Christ victorious over the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		82
BOOK II.
Chapter I.—Of free will in man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		93
Chapter II.—Some objections respecting this dogma answered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		99
Chapter III.—Manicheism—Manicheism of Proudhon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		111
Chapter IV.—How Catholicism explains the dogmas of Providence and of Liberty, without adopting the theory of a rivalry between God and man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		121
Chapter V.—Secret analogies between the physical and moral perturbations, caused by human liberty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		131
Chapter VI.—Of the angelical and human prevarication; greatness, and enormity of sin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		140
Chapter VII.—How God causes good to result from the angelical and human prevarication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		150
Chapter VIII.—Solutions of the liberal school relative to these problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		161
Chapter IX.—Socialist solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		173
Chapter X.—Continuation of the same subject—Conclusion of this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		187
BOOK III.
Chapter I.—Transmission of sin—Dogma of imputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		207
Chapter II.—How God brought the good out of the transmission of sin, and of penalty—The purifying effect of pain freely accepted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		218
Chapter III.—The dogma of solidarity—Contradictions of the liberal school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		229
Chapter IV.—Continuation of the same subject—Socialist contradictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		246
Chapter V.—Continuation of the same subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		268
Chapter VI.—Dogmas correlative with the dogma of solidarity—Bloody sacrifices—Theories of the rationalist schools respecting the death penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		278
Chapter VII.—Recapitulation—Inefficacy of all the solutions proposed—Necessity of a higher solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		293
Chapter VIII.—Of the incarnation of the Son of God and the redemption of mankind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		302
Chapter IX.—Continuation of the same subject—Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		312

This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.

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